The Yuan dynasty is also known by westerners as the 'Mongol dynasty' or 'Mongol Dynasty of China', similar to the names 'Manchu dynasty' or 'Manchu Dynasty of China' which were used by westerners for the Qing dynasty. In spite of this, 'Yuan dynasty' is rarely used in the broad sense of the definition by modern scholars due to the de facto disintegrated nature of the Mongol Empire. This usage is seen in the writings, including non-Chinese texts, produced during the time of the Yuan dynasty.

However, the Han-style dynastic name 'Great Yuan' and the claim to Chinese political orthodoxy were meant for the entire Mongol Empire. Īs per modern historiographical norm, the 'Yuan dynasty' refers to the realm based in China. ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ( 大元也克蒙古兀魯思 Dai Ön Yeqe Mongɣul Ulus), meaning ' Great Yuan – Great Mongol State' ( 大元大蒙古國). 'Great Mongol State'), which resulted in the form ᠳᠠᠢ In Mongolian, Dai Ön (Middle Mongol transliteration of Chinese 'Dà Yuán') was often used in conjunction with the 'Yeke Mongghul Ulus' ( 也克蒙古兀魯思 lit. The counterpart in the Mongolian language was Dai Ön Ulus, also rendered as Ikh Yuan Üls or Yekhe Yuan Ulus. 'Great is Qián, the Primal') in the Commentaries on the Classic of Changes section regarding the first hexagram Qián ( 乾). 'Dà Yuán' ( 大元) is from the clause ' 大哉乾元' ( pinyin: dà zāi Qián Yuán lit. In 1271, Kublai Khan imposed the name Great Yuan ( Chinese: 大元 pinyin: Dà Yuán Wade–Giles: Ta-Yüan), establishing the Yuan dynasty. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols. This article contains special characters. However, while the claim of supremacy by the Yuan emperors was at times recognized by the western khans, their subservience was nominal and each continued its own separate development. As such, the Yuan was also sometimes referred to as the Empire of the Great Khan. In addition to Emperor of China, Kublai also claimed the title of Great Khan, supreme over the other successor khanates: the Chagatai, the Golden Horde, and the Ilkhanate. In the edict titled Proclamation of the Dynastic Name issued in 1271, Kublai announced the name of the new dynasty as Great Yuan and claimed the succession of former Chinese dynasties from the Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors to the Tang dynasty. The dynasty was established by Kublai Khan, yet he placed his grandfather Genghis Khan on the imperial records as the official founder of the dynasty and accorded him the temple name Taizu. In official Chinese histories, the Yuan dynasty bore the Mandate of Heaven. Īfter the division of the Mongol Empire, the Yuan dynasty was the khanate ruled by the successors of Möngke. Some of the Yuan emperors mastered the Chinese language, while others only used their native Mongolian language and the 'Phags-pa script. The rump state is known in historiography as the Northern Yuan dynasty.

In 1368, following the defeat of the Yuan forces by the Ming dynasty, the Genghisid rulers retreated to the Mongolian Plateau and continued to rule until 1635 when they surrendered to the Later Jin dynasty (which later evolved into the Qing dynasty). It was the first dynasty founded by a non-Han ethnicity that ruled all of China proper. His realm was, by this point, isolated from the other Mongol-led khanates and controlled most of modern-day China and its surrounding areas, including modern-day Mongolia. In orthodox Chinese historiography, the Yuan dynasty followed the Song dynasty and preceded the Ming dynasty.Īlthough Genghis Khan had been enthroned with the Han-style title of Emperor in 1206 and the Mongol Empire had ruled territories including modern-day northern China for decades, it was not until 1271 that Kublai Khan officially proclaimed the dynasty in the traditional Han style, and the conquest was not complete until 1279 when the Southern Song dynasty was defeated in the Battle of Yamen. It was established by Kublai (Emperor Shizu), leader of the Borjigin clan, and lasted from 1271 to 1368. ᠤᠯᠤᠰ, Yeke Yuwan Ulus, literally 'Great Yuan State' ), was a Mongol-led imperial dynasty of China and a successor state to the Mongol Empire after its division. The Yuan dynasty ( Chinese: 元朝 pinyin: Yuán Cháo), officially the Great Yuan ( Chinese: 大元 pinyin: Dà Yuán Middle Mongolian: ᠶᠡᠭᠡ

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